Qualitative and quantitative analysis of formaldehyde in samples of hair straighteners and suitability of the labels

Formaldehyde is an active compound, irregularly used in hair products, that has the property of straighten and waterproofing the wires. However, it is highly toxic and can stimulate dermatological hypersensitivity and cancer. In this context it is of fundamental importance the inspection of these products that can be used in safe conditions for the consumer, without formaldehyde in concentrations higher than the allowed. Thus, the aim of this research was the qualitative and quantitative identification formaldehyde in samples of hair straighteners that was obtained by donation in the beauty salons of Araraquara-SP. In addition, the analysis of the packaging labels of the products tested were conducted, following the requirements of the national legislation - RDC 07/2015 which defines the mandatory labeling standards for cosmetic products. A qualitative analysis for formaldehyde identification is based on the formation of a purple colored complex. The quantitative analysis was performed by spectrophotometry. The qualitative and quantitative formaldehyde analysis methods were applied to 13 bottles of hair straighteners. When submitted to qualitative analysis, all samples showed formaldehyde presence. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that the samples identified as B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J and M presented formaldehyde concentration of 3.5 to 14.5%, which is above of the limit recommended by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), of 0.2%. In the label analysis, in all samples were found irregularities.(AU)

Utilização de micropartículas biodegradáveis para administração de proteína morfogenética óssea na reconstrução óssea dos maxilares / Use of biodegradable microparticles for administration of bone morphogenetic protein in bone reconstruction of jaws

Atualmente, esforços têm sido concentrados na busca de um implante carreador de proteína morfogenética óssea que possa aperfeiçoar a sua aplicação. As proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas são glicoproteínas responsáveis pelo recrutamento de células osteoprogenitoras para os locais de formação óssea. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste estudo é revisar a literatura sobre sistemas carreadores para a proteína morfogenética óssea. Estes vêm sendo estudados na tentativa de melhorar o efeito terapêutico através do prolongamento e/ou controle da sua liberação, aumentando, consequentemente, a sua eficácia terapêutica. Essa revisão bibliográfica sugere que as micropartículas biodegradáveis podem ser utilizadas como sistemas carreadores de proteína morfogenética óssea.

Currently, efforts have been concentrated in the search for an implant carrier of bone morphogenetic protein that can enhance its application. The bone morphogenetic proteins are glycoproteins responsible for the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells to sites of bone formation. Then, the objective of this study was to review the literature about the systems carriers for bone morphogenetic protein. These carriers have been studied in an attempt to improve the therapeutic efficacy by extension and/or control of their release, and therefore increasing their therapeutic efficacy. This literature review suggests that the microparticles can be used as carrier systems for bone morphogenetic protein

A influência do complexo B e do laser de baixa intensidade no processo de cicatrização de feridas odontológicas / The influence of B complex and low intensity laser in the healing process of dental wounds

Esforços têm sido concentrados na busca de um fármaco que tenha eficácia clínica no processo de cicatrização de feridas odontológicas. O complexo B pode ser importante no processo de cicatrização e reparação porque é constituído por nutrientes necessários às funções fisiológicas normais ou às reações metabólicas específicas. Além disso, a terapia com laser de baixa intensidade modula vários processos biológicos em modelos animais e em humanos, estimulando a síntese de colágeno, promovendo o processo de regeneração do músculo esquelético após injúria, diminuindo a resposta inflamatória, elevando a neoformação de vasos sanguíneos e auxiliando no processo de cicatrização. Desta maneira, é relevante o estudo da influência do complexo B e do laser de baixa intensidade na tentativa de melhorar o processo de cicatrização de feridas odontológicas, aumentando a eficácia clínica. Essa revisão bibliográfica sugere que tanto o laser de baixa intensidade como o complexo B podem aumentar o processo de cicatrização em feridas e procedimentos odontológicos.

Currently, efforts have been concentrated in the search for a drug clinically efficient on healing dental wounds. The B complex may be important in wound healing process since it is composed of nutrients necessary for normal physiological functions or for specific metabolic reactions. The low intensity laser therapy modulates various biological processes in both animals and humans stimulating collagen synthesis, promoting the regeneration process of skeletal muscle injury after injury In addition it reduces the inflammatory response, increasing the formation of new blood vessels and aiding the healing process. Therefore it is important to study the influence of B complex and of low intensity laser aiming to improve the healing process of dental wounds, increasing clinical efficacy. This literature review suggests that both B complex and low intensity laser therapy can improve the healing process of dental wounds and dental procedures.

Thermal behavior and stability of biodegradable spray-dried microparticles containing triamcinolone.

Thermal analysis has been widely used for obtaining information about drug-polymer interactions and for pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this work, biodegradable microparticles of poly (d,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) containing triamcinolone (TR) in various drug:polymer ratios were produced by spray drying. The main purpose of this study was to study the effect of the spray-drying process not only on the drug-polymer interactions but also on the stability of microparticles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), X-ray analysis (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The evaluation of drug-polymer interactions and the pre-formulation studies were assessed using the DSC, TG and DTG, and IR. The quantitative analysis of drugs entrapped in PLGA microparticles was performed by the HPLC method. The results showed high levels of drug-loading efficiency for all used drug:polymer ratio, and the polymorph used for preparing the microparticles was the form B. The DSC and TG/DTG profiles for drug-loaded microparticles were very similar to those for the physical mixtures of the components. Therefore, a correlation between drug content and the structural and thermal properties of drug-loaded PLGA microparticles was established. These data indicate that the spray-drying technique does not affect the physico-chemical stability of the microparticle components. These results are in agreement with the IR analysis demonstrating that no significant chemical interaction occurs between TR and PLGA in both physical mixtures and microparticles. The results of the X-ray analysis are in agreement with the thermal analysis data showing that the amorphous form of TR prevails over a small fraction of crystalline phase of the drug also present in the TR-loaded microparticles. From the pre-formulation studies, we have found that the spray-drying methodology is an efficient process for obtaining TR-loaded PLGA microparticles.

Microemulsões e fases líquidas cristalinas como sistemas de liberação de fármacos / Microemulsion and liquid cristals as drug delivery systems

A mistura de tensoativos com água, em determinadas proporções, na ausência ou na presença de substâncias lipofílicas pode formar diferentes tipos de agregados, entre os quais agregados polimorfos representados pelas microemulsões (ME) e mesofases liotrópicas - os cristais líquidos (LC), que estão intimamente ligados com a proporção e a natureza dos componentes da mistura. Nesse trabalho, foi discutido o papel desses sistemas na incorporação de fármacos com diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, influenciando fortemente a liberação, assim como a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos. Aspectos sobre a formação e a caracterização de microemulsões e cristais líquidos também foram discutidos. A análise da literatura indicou que, dependendo da polaridade do fármaco, o efeito da ME ou LC pode ser usado para otimizar o efeito terapêutico por meio do controle da velocidade ou do mecanismo de liberação do fármaco...